MENELUSURI BENANG KUSUT PERPECAHAN TAREKAT DI INDONESIA: PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH DAN SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN

Abstract

The division in the tarekat in Indonesia is a complex phenomenon that not
only involves aspects of spirituality, but is also influenced by historical dynamics
and socio-religious contexts. This article aims to trace the roots of the division of the
tarekat by exploring the historical factors and social interactions that surround it.
This study uses a qualitative approach with document-based data analysis methods,
in-depth interviews, and participatory observation of tarekat communities in several
regions in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the division of the order is
often triggered by differences in the interpretation of spiritual teachings inherited by
the murshids or leaders of the order. In addition, the leadership factor is also the main
trigger when the leadership transition is not collectively agreed upon by its followers.
In a historical perspective, colonialism and modernization have created a
fragmentation of religious identity that affects the existence of the tariqat as a
traditional spiritual institution. Meanwhile, from the socio-religious side, the
pressure of globalization and the pluralism of religious values have widened the gap
between the followers of the tarekat.